Why Does My Dog Walk In Circles? Common Causes & Solutions

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Why does my dog walk in circles? Dog circling behavior can stem from a variety of causes, ranging from simple pre-sleep rituals to underlying medical conditions. Determining the reason for your dog’s circling is key to providing them with the proper care and attention. This article will explore the common reasons behind this behavior, offering insights into potential causes and solutions.

Why Does My Dog Walk In Circles
Image Source: sevneurology.com

Unveiling the Reasons Behind Dog Circling Behavior

Circling is a fairly common behavior in dogs, and while it can be harmless, it sometimes signals a deeper issue. Watching your dog closely and noting any other accompanying symptoms is crucial in determining the cause and whether a vet visit is necessary.

Instinctual Behaviors

Some circling behaviors are simply ingrained in your dog’s DNA.

  • Dog Circling Before Lying Down: This is often attributed to their wild ancestors who would circle to flatten grass or snow to create a comfortable sleeping space. It might also be a way to check for predators or ensure the area is safe.
  • Comfort Seeking: Dogs might circle to find the perfect temperature or a comfy spot before settling down.

Fathoming Dog Circling Anxiety

Emotional distress can manifest in physical ways, including circling.

  • Dog Circling Anxiety: Anxious dogs might circle as a displacement behavior, meaning they’re exhibiting an action that helps them cope with stress or uncertainty. This could be triggered by loud noises, separation anxiety, or changes in their environment.
  • Compulsive Behaviors: In some cases, circling can become a compulsive behavior, similar to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in humans.

Dog Circling Medical Causes: When to Worry

If your dog suddenly starts circling, especially if they are a senior dog or show other symptoms, it’s essential to consider potential medical causes.

1. Vestibular Disease in Dogs

  • What is Vestibular Disease in Dogs?: Vestibular disease affects a dog’s balance, causing symptoms similar to vertigo in humans. Circling, head tilting, stumbling, and nystagmus (rapid eye movements) are common signs. There are two main types: peripheral (affecting the inner ear) and central (affecting the brain). Canine idiopathic vestibular syndrome, often seen in older dogs, is a common form where the cause is unknown, but symptoms usually improve over time.
  • Symptoms:
    • Circling, often in one direction.
    • Head tilt.
    • Loss of balance/stumbling.
    • Nystagmus (rapid, involuntary eye movements).
    • Vomiting or nausea.
  • Diagnosis: A veterinarian will perform a neurological exam and may recommend imaging tests (MRI or CT scan) to rule out other causes.
  • Treatment: Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Idiopathic vestibular disease often resolves on its own with supportive care, such as anti-nausea medication and assistance with eating and drinking.

2. Neurological Issues in Dogs

  • Types of Neurological Issues: Brain tumors, infections, strokes, and other neurological conditions can affect a dog’s brain function, leading to circling.
  • Symptoms:
    • Circling.
    • Seizures.
    • Changes in behavior or personality.
    • Weakness or paralysis.
    • Head pressing (pressing the head against a wall or object).
  • Diagnosis: Neurological exam, MRI, CT scan, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis may be needed to diagnose the underlying cause.
  • Treatment: Treatment varies widely depending on the specific condition. It may include medication, surgery, or supportive care.

3. Dog Dementia Symptoms (Canine Cognitive Dysfunction)

  • Recognizing Dog Dementia: As dogs age, they can develop cognitive dysfunction, similar to Alzheimer’s disease in humans. This can cause confusion, disorientation, and changes in behavior, including circling. Senior dog circling is a concerning symptom.
  • Symptoms:
    • Circling.
    • Disorientation (getting lost in familiar places).
    • Changes in sleep-wake cycles.
    • Loss of housetraining.
    • Decreased interaction with family members.
  • Diagnosis: Diagnosis is based on ruling out other medical conditions and observing the dog’s behavior.
  • Treatment: There’s no cure for canine cognitive dysfunction, but medications and dietary supplements can help manage the symptoms and improve the dog’s quality of life. Mental stimulation and a consistent routine are also beneficial.

4. Inner Ear Infections

  • Impact of Inner Ear Infection: Infections in the inner ear can disrupt balance and lead to circling, head tilting, and other vestibular symptoms.
  • Symptoms:
    • Circling.
    • Head tilt.
    • Loss of balance.
    • Ear discharge.
    • Pain when the ear is touched.
  • Diagnosis: A veterinarian will examine the ear canal and may take a sample of ear discharge for culture and sensitivity testing.
  • Treatment: Antibiotics or antifungal medications are used to treat the infection.

5. Brain Tumors

  • Brain Tumor Effect: Brain tumors can put pressure on different parts of the brain, causing a range of neurological symptoms, including circling.
  • Symptoms:
    • Circling.
    • Seizures.
    • Changes in behavior.
    • Vision problems.
    • Head tilt.
  • Diagnosis: MRI or CT scan is usually needed to diagnose a brain tumor.
  • Treatment: Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The prognosis depends on the type and location of the tumor.

6. Other Medical Conditions

  • Liver Disease (Hepatic Encephalopathy): Liver disease can cause a buildup of toxins in the bloodstream, which can affect brain function and lead to circling, confusion, and other neurological symptoms.
  • Toxicity: Exposure to toxins can also cause neurological symptoms, including circling.

Diagnosing the Cause of Circling: What to Expect at the Vet

If you’re concerned about your dog’s circling behavior, a visit to the veterinarian is essential. Here’s what you can expect:

  1. Medical History: The vet will ask detailed questions about your dog’s history, including when the circling started, how often it occurs, and any other symptoms you’ve noticed.
  2. Physical Exam: A thorough physical examination will be performed to assess your dog’s overall health.
  3. Neurological Exam: The vet will evaluate your dog’s reflexes, balance, coordination, and mental status.
  4. Diagnostic Tests: Depending on the findings of the physical and neurological exams, the vet may recommend additional tests, such as blood work, urinalysis, X-rays, MRI, or CT scans.
  5. Diagnosis and Treatment Plan: Once the cause of the circling has been determined, the vet will develop a treatment plan tailored to your dog’s specific needs.

Solutions: How to Help Your Circling Dog

The approach to addressing circling behavior depends entirely on the underlying cause.

  • For Instinctual Behaviors:
    • Provide a comfortable and safe sleeping environment.
    • Ensure your dog has plenty of soft bedding.
    • Don’t discourage the behavior if it seems harmless.
  • For Anxiety-Related Circling:
    • Identify and minimize triggers for anxiety.
    • Create a calm and predictable environment.
    • Provide plenty of exercise and mental stimulation.
    • Consider using calming aids, such as pheromone diffusers or calming supplements (consult your vet first).
    • Consult with a veterinary behaviorist for guidance on behavior modification techniques.
  • For Medical Conditions:
    • Follow your veterinarian’s treatment plan carefully.
    • Administer medications as prescribed.
    • Provide supportive care, such as assistance with eating, drinking, and walking.
    • Make adjustments to your dog’s environment to make it easier for them to navigate (e.g., removing obstacles, providing ramps).
    • Regular veterinary check-ups are essential to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as needed.
  • For Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD):
    • Medication – Anipryl (selegiline) is a medication approved to treat CCD.
    • Dietary Changes – Hill’s Prescription Diet b/d, Purina Pro Plan Veterinary Diets NeuroCare, and Eukanuba Mature Maintenance are often recommended.
    • Supplements – SAMe, vitamin E, vitamin C, L-carnitine, and omega-3 fatty acids.
    • Mental Stimulation – training, games, and socialization.

Home Environment Modifications

Whether the issue is behavioral or medical, modifying the home environment can make your dog more comfortable.

  • Soft Bedding: Provide multiple comfortable and easily accessible beds, especially if your dog is a senior.
  • Clear Pathways: Remove obstacles to allow your dog to navigate easily, especially if they have balance issues.
  • Ramps or Steps: Help your dog access furniture or beds if they have mobility issues.
  • Consistent Routine: Maintain a consistent feeding, walking, and playtime schedule to reduce anxiety.

Prevention Tips

While not all causes of circling are preventable, you can take steps to minimize the risk:

  • Regular Vet Checkups: Routine checkups can help detect and treat medical conditions early.
  • Healthy Diet: Provide a balanced diet to support overall health.
  • Mental and Physical Stimulation: Ensure your dog gets enough exercise and mental stimulation to prevent boredom and anxiety.
  • Safe Environment: Protect your dog from toxins and hazards.
  • Early Training: Positive reinforcement training can help manage anxiety and prevent the development of compulsive behaviors.

Case Studies

  • Case 1: Bella, a 12-year-old Labrador Retriever: Bella started circling to the left and showed signs of disorientation. A vet visit revealed canine cognitive dysfunction. Medication and dietary changes helped manage her symptoms, improving her quality of life.
  • Case 2: Max, a 5-year-old Border Collie: Max started circling when left alone. He was diagnosed with separation anxiety. Behavior modification techniques and calming aids reduced his anxiety and circling behavior.
  • Case 3: Charlie, a 10-year-old Terrier Mix: Charlie exhibited sudden circling, head tilting, and loss of balance. He was diagnosed with canine idiopathic vestibular syndrome. Supportive care and time helped him recover.

Conclusion

Circling in dogs can be a puzzling and concerning behavior. By carefully observing your dog, noting any other symptoms, and seeking veterinary care when needed, you can determine the cause and provide the appropriate treatment and support. Whether it’s an instinctual behavior, a sign of anxiety, or a symptom of a medical condition, early intervention can significantly improve your dog’s health and well-being.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

  • Can I stop my dog from circling before lying down? Generally, if the circling appears to be a normal pre-sleep ritual, it’s best not to discourage it. This behavior is often instinctual and harmless. However, if it seems excessive or is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, consult your vet to rule out medical causes.

  • When should I be worried about my dog circling? Be concerned if the circling is:

    • Sudden in onset
    • Accompanied by other symptoms (e.g., head tilt, loss of balance, disorientation, seizures)
    • Excessive or constant
    • Occurring in only one direction
    • Happening alongside changes in behavior or appetite.

  • What is Canine Compulsive Disorder and how does it relate to circling? Canine compulsive disorder (CCD) is a behavioral disorder where dogs engage in repetitive behaviors, such as circling, tail chasing, licking, or barking, to an excessive degree. These behaviors interfere with their normal functioning and can be triggered by stress or anxiety. Circling can be a manifestation of CCD if it becomes a persistent, repetitive behavior that the dog can’t seem to control.

  • Who is most at risk for Canine Idiopathic Vestibular Syndrome? Older dogs are more prone to developing canine idiopathic vestibular syndrome, although it can occur in dogs of any age. There is no known breed predisposition.

  • Can diet affect dog circling behavior? While diet is unlikely to be the primary cause of circling, it can play a role in managing certain conditions that lead to circling. For example, a diet formulated for cognitive health can benefit dogs with canine cognitive dysfunction. A balanced diet that avoids potential allergens or sensitivities may help manage anxiety-related circling in some dogs.

  • What are the first steps I should take if my senior dog starts circling?

    1. Observe: Carefully note when the circling occurs, how often, and any accompanying symptoms.
    2. Document: Keep a video record to show your vet the specific behavior.
    3. Consult your vet: Schedule a vet visit to rule out underlying medical causes.
    4. Modify Environment: Make sure your home environment is safe and easy for your senior dog to navigate.
  • How do I differentiate between normal pre-sleep circling and medically concerning circling? Normal pre-sleep circling is usually brief, purposeful, and followed by the dog lying down comfortably. Medically concerning circling is often repetitive, disoriented, and accompanied by other symptoms like head tilting, stumbling, or changes in behavior. It may also occur at times other than bedtime.
  • Is dog circling a sign of pain? Circling can sometimes be a sign of pain, especially if it’s accompanied by other signs of discomfort, such as limping, whimpering, or reluctance to move. Pain in the neck, back, or hips can sometimes manifest as circling as the dog tries to find a comfortable position. Consult your vet to rule out any underlying painful conditions.